PHARMACOLOGY PAST PAPER | CMT NTA LEVEL 5 | DOWNLOAD

1. The following are the parameters of pharmacokinetics except

Absorption

Distribution and binding to plasma protein

Metabolism/ Bio-transformation

Excretion

Antagonist

2. The following term is not used to describe pharmacodynamics of a drug

Tolerability/ Toxic dose

Potency/ Effective dose

Effectiveness (or Efficacy):

Agonist

All of the above are true

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3. In simplicity the mechanism of drugs in the body can occur as follows except

Additive Effect

Receptor antagonist

Enzyme inhibitors

Drug affecting transport processes

Chemotherapeutic agents

4. With the regard to half Life/ Elimination Half-Life (t ½ = hr.) of a drug all are true except

The units are in time (hr.).

Is the time it takes the drug concentration in the blood to decline to one half of its initial value

Can be used to predict how long it will take for the drug to be eliminated from plasma.

Can’t be used to predict how long it will take for the drug from the start to reach steady -state levels

The time required for the drug concentration in the body to reduce by 50% of its original concentration.

5. Therapeutic Index

A large number indicates a small margin of safety

A small number indicates a wide margin of safety

It is calculated by dividing the minimum effective dose by the lethal dose

A measure of drug safety

The ability of a drug to be more toxic to the invader than to the host

6. Bactericidal antibiotic

Chloramphenicol,

Tetracycline

Erythromycin

Penicillin

A, b, and d

7. Bacteriostatic antibiotic

They do normally kill the microorganism

Requires host defense mechanisms to eradicate the infection

They don’t have drug interactions with Bactericidal antibiotic

They have no ability to stop bacterial growth

Cephalosporins are a good example

8. Monica is a 20years old girl presented to your hospital with the history of signs and symptoms of pneumonia and you decided to give her Amoxicillin. The following are the ways you used to choose this Suitable Medicine except

Group of a drug

History of allergy

Renal and hepatic function

Severity of illness

Age

1. Aminoglycosides have bactericidal activity against most gram-negative bacteria including the following except

Enterobacter

E. coli,

Streptococcus

Proteus

Shigella

2. It is fungi static and it acts by Interacting with microtubules and interfering with mitosis

Fluconazole

Griseofulvin

Amphotericin

Itraconazole

Flucytosine

1. Viruses

Most currently available drugs are only effective while the virus is replicating………

They possess some enzymes that are virus specific…………..

Share many of the metabolic processes of the host cell…………

It is difficult to find drugs that are selective for the pathogen………….

Viral specific enzymes are the potential targets for antiviral agents…………

2. Acyclovirhas activity against the following viruses except

HSV-1……..

HSV-2 ………

Varicella- Zoster virus………

HIV……….

EBV……….

3. Regarding to flucytosine

It has little value as a cytotoxic agent……..

IS converted to the antimetabolite 5-Flurouracil (5-FU) in fungal but not human cells…...

IS converted to the antimetabolite 5-Flurouracil (5-FU) in human but not fungal cells…...

5-FU inhibits thymidylate synthetase and thus DNA synthesis………

Originally synthesized as an anti-metabolite………….

4. Concerning Sulphonamides and Trimethoprim

The only source of folic acid to bacteria is by synthesis using Para-Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA)………….

Sulphonamidesare a synthetic chemical compound of structural analogues of PABA…….

They exhibitnon-competitive mechanism with PABA in the folic acid synthesis pathway…….

Drugs act as Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors………..

They do have a non-selective toxicity property………

5. Co-trimoxazole

Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole……..

Trimethoprim-pyramethamine……….

Treatment of choice forPneumocystis infections in HIV&AIDS………

Sulphamethoxazole inhibits dihydrofolate reductase ………….

Trimethoprim inhibitsdihydropteroate synthase …………

6. Penicillinases-Resistant Penicillins include the following

Methicillin………

Cloxacillin……..

Dicloxacillin……..

Nafcillin……….

Oxacillin……….

7. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria spreads in the following ways

Transfer of bacteria between people………..

Transfer of resistance genes between bacteria………….

Transfer of resistance genes between genetic elements within bacteria(ontransposons)…..

Only a & b are true………

Only a & c are true……..

8. Tetracyclines

Are broad-spectrum antibiotics ………

Are bacteriocidal……….

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding specifically to the 30S ribosome………

They should be taken at least half an hour after meal………..

The adult oral dose is 250mg increased in severe infection to 500mg every 6-8 hour……..

1 About common terms in relation to antimicrobial agents

S/N	Column A	Answer	Column B
	Synergistic effect		Chloramphenicol vs Penicillin
	Bacteriocidal antibiotics		Erythromycin
	Antagonism		Ceftriaxone
	Selective toxicity		Penicillin + Streptomycin
	Bacteriostatic		Co-trimoxazole

2 Concerning classification of Anti-viral agents

S/N	Column A	Answer	Column B
	Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor(NRTI)		Tenofovir
	Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor(NNRTI)		Lopinavir &Ritonavir
	Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor		Stavudine & Abacavir
	Protease Inhibitor		Ganciclovir
	Anti-Herpes		Nevirapine & Efavirenz